Parte 4
Por el Dr. Molleurus Couperus
Tomado de The Ellen G. White Research Project
IV
"Querido hermano E: ... Me sorprendió mucho leer su recomendación de La Cabaña del Tío Tom, Robinson Crusoe, y LIBROS ASÍ. Ud. está en peligro de volverse un poco descuidado en lo que escribe... Repetidamente, he visto lo nefasto de leer tales libros". (181)
"Se me mostraron cosas entre nuestro pueblo que no estaban de acuerdo con su fe. Parecía haber una locura con las bicicletas. Se gastaba dinero para gratificar un entusiasmo en esta dirección que podría mejor, mucho mejor, haber sido invertido en la construcción de casas de adoración... Había un espíritu de disensión y contienda entre ellos en cuanto a cuál debería ser el mayor. El espíritu era similar al manifestado en los juegos de béisbol en los terrenos de la universidad. Dijo mi Guía: 'Estas cosas son una ofensa contra a Dios'. (182)
"La moda recarga las cabezas de las mujeres con trenzas y almohadillas artificiales... que calientan y excitan los centros nerviosos de la médula espinal en el cerebro... La acción de la sangre sobre los órganos inferiores o animales del cerebro causa una actividad antinatural y una tendencia hacia la temeridad en la moral, y la mente y el corazón están en peligro de corromperse. Al excitarse y fortalecerse los órganos animales, la moral se debilita. Los poderes morales e intelectuales de la mente se convierten en siervos del animal... Muchos han perdido la razón y se han vuelto locos sin remedio después por seguir esta moda deformadora". (184)
"Esta es una época veloz. Los niñitos y las niñitas comienzan a fijarse el uno en el otro cuando ambos deberían estar en una guardería, recibiendo lecciones de modestia y buen comportamiento. ¿Cuál es el efecto de esta mezcla tan común? ¿Aumenta ella la castidad en los jóvenes que así se reúnen juntos? ¡Realmente no! Aumenta las primeras pasiones libidinosas; después de estas reuniones, los jóvenes son enloquecidos por el diablo y se entregan a sus viles prácticas". (187)
Ellen continuó su consejo:"Ud. ha caído en el triste error, tan prevaleciente en esta época degenerada, especialmente en relación con la mujer. Ud. está demasiado aficionado al otro sexo... Ud. parece saber considerablemente acerca de matrimonios anticipados, y escribe y habla acerca de estas cosas. Esto sólo causa escasez en su alma... Ud. se ha hecho una gran injusticia a sí mismo al permitir que su mente y su conversación se espacien en el amor y el matrimonio". (188)"Muchos padres no obtienen el conocimiento que deberían en la vida de casados... Se han unido en matrimonio al objeto de su elección, y por lo tanto razonan que el matrimonio ha santificado el extasiarse en las pasiones más bajas. Aun los hombres y las mujeres que profesan piedad dan rienda suelta a sus pasiones lujuriosas, y no les pasa por la mente que Dios los hace responsables de cómo gastan la energía vital, que debilita su asidero de la vida y enerva el sistema entero". (189)
"Que la esposa cristiana se abstenga, tanto de palabra como en acción, de excitar las pasiones animales de su esposo. Muchos no tienen en absoluto fuerzas que malgastar en esta dirección. Desde su juventud, han debilitado el cerebro y minado la constitución mediante la gratificación de las pasiones animales". (190)
"Las hembras poseen menos fuerza vital que el otro sexo... (Véase Nota:) El resultado del auto-abuso en ellos se ve en varias enfermedades, tales como... pérdida de la memoria y la vista, gran debilidad en la espalda y los lomos, afecciones de la espina dorsal, la cabeza a menudo se deteriora internamente. El tumor canceroso, que estaría latente en el sistema durante toda la vida, se inflama, y comienza su obra carcomedora y destructiva. La mente a menudo se arruina por completo, y la locura tiene lugar". (191)
"Se me mostró que el hermano y la hermana V------ se habían apartado del consejo de Dios al traer niños al mundo. Dios requería todo lo que había en ellos en su obra para el Maestro, pero vino el enemigo, y su consejo fue seguido... Cuando me enteré de que su familia pronto habría de aumentar, supe que Uds. no habían estado haciendo la voluntad de Dios, sino que estaban siguiendo su propia inclinación a agradarse a Uds. mismos... Ha llegado el momento en que, en un sentido, los que tienen esposas sean como si no las tuvieran... Estoy completamente disgustada con el curso que han seguido nuestros predicadores y obreros. Parecen pensar que una de las importantes ramas de la obra es primero traer al mundo tantos niños como sea posible". (194)
Pseudoataques
Resumen y conclusión
En 1977, Paul B. Ricchiuti escribió lo siguiente:"¿... cuánto del cinismo y la pérdida de fe que vemos en la iglesia hoy día podría haberse evitado si, a través de la historia de la denominación, hubiera habido un poco más de confianza en la capacidad de los miembros para manejar la verdad acerca de la naturaleza de la inspiración y la obra de Ellen White?"Revelar más de la verdad más temprano sin duda habría causado algún dolor, pero ¿no habría sido eso preferible al trastorno que significa forzar la revelación de la verdad en una atmósfera de disentimiento mordaz? Y, en lugar de eso, ¿no podrían muchos que hoy están desilusionados tener una fe fuerte en el don de Ellen White y receptividad para sus mensajes, si hubiese habido una mayor apertura? Por supuesto, el punto no es retorcerse las manos acerca del pasado. Ni lo es lanzar desprecio sobre concienzudos dirigentes eclesiásticos que hicieron lo que pensaron que era lo mejor. La pregunta es: ¿Verá una lección en todo esto la iglesia de hoy día?". (206)
"Pero, al transcurrir el siglo que comenzó en 1800, una extraña clase de irrealidad la rodeó, levantándola y colocándola fuera del alcance de los otros creyentes. El nombre de 'Ellen White' se convirtió en un misterio, porque la gente no podía identificarse con ella como persona viviente. Para ellos, Ellen White se había convertido en una institución, y rápidamente se estaba convirtiendo en una leyenda. Dándose cuenta de esto ella misma, no pudo detenerlo, por mucho que lo intentara. Así, gente bien intencionada pero confundida corrió un oscuro velo en frente de la verdadera Ellen White. Y cuando lo hacían a un lado de tiempo en tiempo, "la hermana White" aparecía sentada como la estatua de un santo, libro en mano, fuego condenatorio de Dios en sus ojos.
"Hoy la leyenda puede describirse en cuatro palabras. Y esas cuatro palabras se han convertido en "el látigo" [woodshed rod] en manos de innumerables padres y maestros en la Iglesia Adventista.
"Así, la frase 'la hermana White dice' ha encendido innumerables hogueras de resentimiento en los corazones de Adventistas, especialmente entre los jóvenes. Este desastre es en realidad una herramienta muy efectiva, inventada por Satanás mismo, para destruir la iglesia desde adentro.
"La obra y las palabras de Ellen White, sus escritos, y sus acciones han sido todos usados como látigos y garrotes sobre las cabezas de viejos y jóvenes por igual". (207)
|
El siguiente intercambio tuvo lugar
durante una conferencia videograbada con los
nietos de Ellen White, los medios hermanos Arthur
White y Grace Jacques, efectuada por James Nix,
secretario asistente del White Estate y director
de la sucursal del White Estate en la Sala de la
Herencia en la Universidad de Loma Linda:
NIX: ¿Sabe Ud. por qué no fue Ellen White enterrada inmediatamente entonces [en 1915]?
WHITE:
Este es un asunto del cual sé muy poco. No fue sino
hasta hace algunos años que me enteré de que la tierra
no había sido echada inmediatamente sobre su féretro.
Ella fue preservada por algún tiempo, y Edson habló de
verla en el ataúd más tarde. Por qué, no lo sé. Algo
se habló de los temores del Dr. Kellogg de hacer
exhumar el cadáver para hacer examinar el cerebro. Se
habló un poco de eso.
JACQUES: Yo recuerdo eso. WHITE: Y podría ser; y, si había alguna razón, yo supondría que era esa. He oído decir, pero no tengo nada - la clase de evidencia que me gusta tener - Jim, para respaldarla. Y en ausencia de evidencia, no me gusta hablar mucho acerca de ello. Pero hay correspondencia que indica que el entierro final tuvo lugar más tarde que el funeral mismo. |
NOTAS
1. James White and Ellen G. White. Life Sketches, Ancestry, Early Life, Christian Experience, and Extensive Labor of Elder James White and His Wife, Mrs. Ellen G. White (Battle Creek, Michigan; Steam Press of the Seventh-day Adventist Publishing Association, 1888). 122-130 (hereafter cited as Life Sketches).
2. Ibid. 131. See also Ellen G. White, Spiritual Gifts (1860, reprint, Battle Creek, Michigan: Review and Herald Publishing Association, n.d.), 2:7-9.
3. White y White. Life Sketches. 132.
4. M. Girgis. Neural Substrates of Limbic Epilepsy (St. Louis: Warren H. Green. 1981), 102; H. Landolt, Die Temporal lappen epilepsie und ihrepsychopathologie (Basel: Karger. 1960), 12, 15; B. D. De Jong et al., "Craniofacial Injuries," in Hanbbook of Clinical Neurology, ed. P. J. Vinken and G. W. Bruyn (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. 1975). 23:360-385.
5. P. Black et al. "Posttraumatic Syndrome in Children", in The Late Effects of Head Injury, ed. A. E. Walker. W. F. Caveness and M. Critchley (Springfield, Illinois; Thomas, 1969); P. Black y A. van der Zwan. "Late Results from Prolonged Traumatic Unconsciousness," in The Late Effects of Head Injury. 138-142. See also J. S. Torg. Athletic Injuries to the Head, Neck and Face (Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1982). 96-104; J. Hume Adams, "Neuropathology of Head Injuries," in Handbook of Clinical Neurology. ed. P. J. Vinken and G. W. Bruyn (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1975). 23:36-51, A. W. Craft, "Mechanisms of Injury," in Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 23:448; W. F. Caveness et al., "Natural History of Posttraumatic Epilepsy," in Advances in Epileptology, ed. J. A. Wada y J. K. Penry (New York: Raven Press, 1980), 177-182; W. R. Russell, The Traumatic Amnesias (London: Oxford University Press, 1971).
6. Cyril B. Courville, "The Structural Basis for the Common Traumatic Cerebral Syndromes," Bulletin of the Los Angeles Neurological Society 9 (1944): 17-27.
7. Cyril B. Courville, Commotio Cerebri (Los Angeles: San Lucas Press, 1953), 91-95. See also Seventh-day Adventist Ecyclopedia, ed. D. F. Neufeld et al. (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1966), 1406.
8. Cyril B. Courville, Pathology of the Central Nervous System, 3rd d. (Mountain View, California: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1950). 110-112, 270-273.
9. Cyril B. Courville, "Traumatic Lesions of the Temporal Lobe as the Essential Cause of Psychomotor Epilepsy," in Temporal Epilepsy, ed. Maitland, Baldwin et al. (Springfield, Illinois: Thomas, 1962), 221-239.
10. Cyril B. Courville, "Traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhages, "Bulletin of the Los Angeles Neurological Society" 27 (1962): 22-38.
11. A. Bricolo, -Prolonged Post-traumatic Coma," en Handbook of Clinical Neurology, ed. P. J. Vinken y G. W. Bruyn (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1976), 24:
12. De Jong, "Craniofacial Injuries," en Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 23:360-385.
13. B. Jennett, Epilepsy after Non-Missile Head Injuries (London: Heinemann, 1975), 5-6; idem, in J. Laidlaw y A. Richens, A Textbook of Epilepsy (Edinburgh and New York: Churchill, 1976), 33.
14. W. F. Caveness, "Sequelae of Cranial Injury in the Armed Forces," in Handbook of Clinical Neurology. ed. P.J. Vinken y G. W. Bruyn (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1976), 24:460; J.A.M. Frederiks, "Sequelae of Cranial Injury in the Armed Forces," in Handbook of Clinical Neurology 24:487-499.
15. Ellen G. White, "Testimonies for the Church" (1868); reprint, Mountain View, California: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1948), I:13; White and White, Life Sketches, 136; C. Ounsted, "Social and Schooling" in Biological Factors in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, ed. C. Ounsted, J. Lindsay, and R. Norman (London: Heinemann, 1966), 109-123; A. van der Zwan, "Late Results from Prolonged Traumatic Unconsciousness," in The Late Effects of Head Injury, ed. A.E. Walker, W. F. Caveness, and M. Critchley (Springfield, Illinois: Thomas, 1969), 138-142.
16. F.A. Gibbs, "Ictal and Non-ictal Psychiatric Disorders in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 113 (1951): 523-527.
17. B. Jennett, Epilepsy after Blunt Head Injuries (Springfield, Illinois: Thomas, 1962), 84; idem, Post-traumatic Epilepsy, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, ed. P. J. Vinken and G. W. Bruyn (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Comopany, 1976), 24:445-453; idem, in A Textbook of Epilepsy, 2nd ed., ed. J. Laidlaw and A. Richens (Edinburgh and New York: Churchill, 1982), 152.
18. Hughlings Jackson, "On a Particular Variety of Epilepsy," Brain II (1888): 179-207.
19. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church, 13.
20. White and White. Life Sketches, 136.
21. van der Zwan, "Late Results from Prolonged Traumatic Unconsciousness," in The Late Effects of Head Injury (138-142); Ounsted, "Social and Schooling," in Biological Factors in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, 109-123.
22. James White, "Life Incidents, in Connection with the Great Advent Movement" 272-273, in F. D. Nichol, Ellen G. White and Her Critics (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1951). 53.
23. White and White, Life Sketches, 153. Véase también E. G. White, Spiritual Gifts 2:15-16.
24. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 1:25-27.
25. Ibid., 28-29; idem, Spiritual Gifts 2:16-18.
26. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church, 1:25-27; idem. Spiritual Gifts 2:19.
27. Ellen G. White, Early Writings, (I 85 1; reprint, Washington, D. C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1945), 12, 78-8 1; D. D. Daly, "Ictal Clinical Manifestations of Complex Partial Seizures, - in Advances in Neurology ed. J. K. Penry and D. D. Daly (New York: Raven Press, 1975), 11:57-80.
28. E. G. White, Early Writings, 79-80.
29. Ibid., 12.
30. "Letter from Sister Harmon," The Day Star, 24 Jan. 1846, pp. 31-32; James White, A Word to the Little Flock (pamphlet), 1847; Ellen Harmon, To the Remnant Scattered Abroad (broadside), April 6, 1846; Ellen G. White, Selected Messages from the Writings of Ellen G. White (Washington, D. C. : Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1958), 2:63.
31. Ellen G. White, Life Sketches of Ellen G. White (1848; reprint, Mountain View, California: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1915, 69-7 1.
32. D. F. Neufeld, Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia 1380-138 1.
33. Comprehensive Index to the Writings of Ellen G. White (Mountain View, California: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1963), 3:2978-2984; Arthur L. White, Ellen G. White Messenger to the Remnant (Washington, D. C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1969), 29.
34. J. White and E. G. White, Life Sketches, 157-158.
35. E. G. White, Life Sketches of Ellen G. White, 38.
36. J. White and E. G. White, Life Sketches, 139-140; E. G. White, Spiritual Gifts (Battle Creek, Michigan: James White, 1858), 2:28-29.
37. James White, A Word to the Little Flock (May 1847; facsimile reproduction, Washington, D. C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1958), 13.
38. E. G. White, Selected Messages 2:72-100.
39. Louis Billington, "Popular Religion and Social Reforms, Revivalism and Teetotalism, 1830-1850, "Journal of Religious History" 10 (I 1979): 266-293.
40. A. L. White, Ellen G. White Messenger to the Remnant, 7.
41. Review and Herald, 16 Oct. 1855.
42. G. I. Butler, Review and Herald, 14 Aug. 1883, 60:12.
43. P.U.C.-Campus Chronicle, 27 May 1982.
44. E. G. White, Selected Messages I:32.
45. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 4 (1876); 230 (reprint Oakland, California: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1948).
46. Ibid. 5:66-67: idem, Selected Messages 1:29.
47. Review and Herald, 20 Jan. 1903; Ellen G. White, Colporteur Ministry (Mountain View, California: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1953). 125.
48. E. G. White, Testimonies form the Church, 4:147-148.
49. J. White, A Word to the Little Flock, 22.
50. E. G. White, Early Writings of Mrs. White (1882; reprint, Washington, D. C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1925). 22.
51. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 5:3 1 0.
52. Isaac Wellcome, History of the Second Advent Message (Yarmouth, Maine: Advent Christian Publication Society, 1874); Jacob Brinkerhoff, The Seventh-day Adventists and Mrs. White´s Visions (Marion, Iowa: Advent and Sabbath Advocate, 1884), 4-6.
53. Dudley M. Canright, "Mrs. E. G. White and Her Revelations, "Michigan Christian Advocate. 8 Oct. 1887; idem, "Mrs. E. G. White and Her Revelations; Wellcome, History of the Second Advent Message; Brinkerhoff. The Seventh-day Adventists and Mrs. White´s Visions, 4-6.
54. D. M. Canright, Life of Mrs. E. G. White (Cincinnati, 1919), 170-188.
55. William S. Sadler, The Physiology of Faith and Fear (Chicago: A. C. McClurgand Company, 1912), 461-462. See also idem, The Mind at Mischief (New York and London: Funk and Wagnalls, 1929). 382.
56. Ellen G. White, Letter 120 (1906), in Arthur L. White, the Later Elmshaven Years (Washington, D. C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1982), 90-95; Arthur L.White. The Early Elmshaven Years (Washington, D. C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1981), 349.
57. Gregory Holmes and Delbert Hodder, "Ellen G. White and the Seventh-day Adventist Church; Visions or Partial Complex Seizures?" Journal of Neurology 31, no. 4 pt. 2 (1981): 160-161.
58. O. J. Andy et al., "Frontal Lobe Lessions and Behavior," Southern Medical Journal 74 (1981): 968-972.
59. Courville, "Traumatic Lesions of the Temporal Lobe," in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, 220-239.
60. L.S. Gomes, "A Etiopatogenia Da Epilepsia Do Lobo Temporal," Neurobiologia 41 (1978): 273-288.
61. E.G. White, Early Writings, 22-24; D. L. Schomer, "Partial Epilepsy." New England Journal of Medicine 309 (1983):536-539.
62. A. L. White, Ellen G. White Messenger to the Remnant, 6-7; W. G. Lennox, Epilepsy and Related Disorders (Boston: Little, Brown and Co. 1960); G. I. Butler, Review and Herald 9 June 1874.
63. D. L. Coulter, "Partial Seizures with Apnea and Bradycardia," Archives of Neurology 41 (1984):173-174; D. D. Daly, "Complex Partial Seizures," in A Textbook of Epilepsy, 2nd ed., ed. J. Laidlaw and A. Richens (Edinburgh and New York: Churchill, 1982), 136.
64. Jackson, "On a Particular Variety of Epilepsy," Brain 11 179-207.
65. A. L. White, Ellen G. White Messenger to the Remnant, 6-7; W. G. Lennox, Epilepsy and Related Disorders (Boston: Little, Brown and Co. 1960); G. I. Butler, Review and Herald, 9 June 1874.
66. J. N. Loughborough, Rise and Progress of the Seventh-day Adventists (Battle Creek, Michigan: General Conference Association of Seventh-day Adventists, 1892).
67. Ibid., 167.
68. E. G. White, Early Writings, 39-40.
69. J. White, Life Incidents, 272, quoted in A. L. White, Ellen G. White Messenger to the Remnant, 6.
70. A. L. White, Ellen G. White Messenger to the Remnant, 6-8. 59.
71. D. D. Daly, "Ictal Clinical Manifestations of Complex Partial Seizures," in Advances in Neurology (New York: Raven Press, 1975), 11:57.
72. E. G. White, Sketches of Ellen G. White, 310; an authentic interview between Elder G. W. Amadon, Elder A.C. Bordeau, and dr. Harvey Kellogg in Battle Creek, Michigan, on 7 October 1907; A. L. White, The Early Elmshaven Years, 23-24; Ellen G. White, Steps to Christ (1892); reprint Mountain View, California: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1940), 121.
73. E. G. White, Life Sketches of Ellen G. White, 310; interview between Elders G. W. Amadon and A. C. Bordeau and Dr. Harvey Kellogg; A. L. White, The Early Elmshaven Years. 23-24; E. G. White, Steps to Christ 12 1.
74. Manuscript 43a (I 90 1); in A. L. White, The Early Elmshaven Years, 53-54.
75. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 9:66.
76. Denis Williams, "Temporal Lobe Epilepsy" British Medical Journal 501 (1966): 1439-1442.
77. H. Gastaut and R. Broughton, Epileptic Seizures (Springfield, Illinois: Thomas, 1972), 132.
78. Pl Gloor et al, "The Role of the Limbic System in Experiencial Phenomena of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," Annals of Neurology 12 (1982):129-144.
79. W. G. Lennox, Epilepsy and Related Disorders 1:236.
80. A. L. White, Ellen G. White Messenger to the Remnant, 8.
81. E. G. White, Spiritual Gifts 2:77-79; idem, Life Sketches I 1 2 (one and one-half hour vision; based on an original publication in 1860).
82. W. A. Hauser, "Status Epilepticus: Frecuency, Etiology, and Neurological Sequelae," Advances in Neurology (New York, Raven Press, 1983), 34:3-14.
83. Ibid., 11.
84. J. Engel, Jr., "Prolonged Partial Complex Status Epilepticus: EEG and Behavioral Observations," Neurology 28 (1978):863-869.
85. H. Gastaut, "Classification of Status Epilepticus, Advances in Neurology" 34 (1983):15-32; D. M. Treiman and A. V. Delgado-Escueta, "Complex Partial Status Epilepticus," Advances in Neurology 34 (1983): 69-81; A. V. Delgado-Escueta et al., "Status Epilepticus:Summary," Advances in Neurology 34 (1983);537-541; J. Roger et al., "Status Epilepticus," Handbook of Clinical Neurology ed. p. J. Vinken and G. W. Bruyn (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1974), 15:145-184.
86. Wilder Penfield, The Mystery of the Mind (Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1975; idem, "The Cerebral Cortex in Man. I. The Cerebral Cortex and Consciousness," Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 40 (1938):417-442.
87. Gibbs, "Ictal and Non-ictal Psychiatric Disorders," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 163 (1953):113:523-527.
88. H. Gestaut and Roger Broughton, Epileptic Seizures (Springfield, Illinois: Thomas, 1972), 73-133; W. H. Theodore et al., "Complex Partial Seizures: Clinical Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis," Neurology 33 (1983):1115-1121).
89. V. M. Neppe, "Symptomatology of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," South African Medical Journal 60 (1981):902-907; F.E. Dreifuss, in Advances in Neurology, ed., J. K. Penry and D. D. Daly (New York: Raven Press, 1975), 11:197. S. B. Filskov and T. J. Boll, 'Handbook of Clinical Neuropsychology (New York: John Wiley, 1981), 58-64; E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 2:596-597; Daly. "Ictal Clinical Manifestations of Complex Partial Seizures," in Advances in Neurology, 1 1:65; Arthur L.White, Ellen G. White, The Human Interest Story (Washington. D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association), 52; E. G. White, Spiritual Gifts 2:78; Denis Williams, "Temporal Lobe Syndromes," in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, ed. P. J. Vinken and G. W. Bruyn (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1969), 2:700-724; W. Penfield and P. Perot, "The Brain Record of Auditory and Visual Experience," Brain 86 (1963):595-694.
90. Daly, "Ictal Clinical Manifestations of Complex Partial Seizures," in Advances in Neurology, 11:57-80. "Rarely scenes of extraordinary complexity may occur which despite their vividness apparently do not represent true memories." (p. 59).
91. Neppe, "Symptomatology of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," in South African Medical Journal 60 (1981):60:902-907.
92. Ibid., Filskov and Boll, Handbook of Clinical Neuropsychology, 58-64. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 2:596-597; Daly, "Ictal Clinical Manifestations of Complex Partial Seizures," in Advances in Neurology, 11:57, 65; A. L. White, Ellen G. White. The Human Interest Story 52; idem, Spiritual Gifts 2:78; Williams, "Temporal Lobe Syndromes," in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2:700-724; Penfield and Perot, "The Brain Record of Auditory and Visual Experience," Brain 86:595-694.
93. Neppe, "Symptomatology of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," South African Medical Journal 60 (1981):60:902-907.
94. Ibid., Filskov and Boll, Handbook of Clinical Neuropsychology, 58-64; E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 2:596-597; Daly, "Ictal Manifestations of Complex Partial Seizures," in Advances in Neurology 11:57,65; A. L. White, Ellen G. White, The Human Interest Story 52; idem, Spiritual Gifts 2:78; Williams, "Temporal Lobe Syndromes," 2:700-724, Penfield and Perot, "The Brain Record of Auditory and Visual Experience," Brain 6:595-694.
95. Neppe, "Symptomatology of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," South African Medical Journal 60 (1981): 60:902-907.
96. F. E. Dreifuss, in Advances in Neurology ed. J. K. Penry and D. D. Daly (New York: Raven Press, 1975), 11:197.
97. A. V. Escueta et al., "Complex Partial Seizures," Annals of Neurology II (1982): 292-300; Gastaut and Broughton, Epileptic Seizures, 133.
98. Landolt, Die Temporallappenepilepsie und ihre Psychopatologie, 22-40; E. R. Rodin et al., "Psychological Factors in Convulsive Disorders of Focal Origin," Archives of Neurology, 74 (1956):365-374.
99. S. G. Waxman and N. Geschwind, "The Interictal Behavior Syndrome of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," Archives of General Psychiatry 32 (1975):1580-1586. See also Gibbs, "Ictal and Non-ictal Psychiatric Disorders in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," 113:522-528.
100. D. M. Bear and P. Fedio, "Quantitative Analysis of Interictal Behavior in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," Archives of Neurology 3 (1977):454-457; idem, "Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, A Syndrome of Sensory Limbic Interconnection," Cortex 15 (1979):357-384. P. Fedio and A. Martin, "Ideative-emotive Behavioral Characteristics of Patients Following Left or Right Temporal Lobectomy." Epilepsia 24, suppl. 2, S I 17-S 1 30 (1983). See also E. Rodin et al., "The Bear-Fedio Personality Inventory and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," Neurology 34 (1984):591-596.
101. Laura Schenk and David Bear, "Multiple Personality and Related Disassociative Phenomena With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," American Journal of Psychiatry 138 (1981):10.
102. B. P. Hermann and P. Riel, "Interictal Personality and Behavioral Traits in Temporal Lobe and Generalized Epilepsy," Cortex 17 (1981):125-128.
103. D. Blumer, "Specific Psychiatric Complications in Certain Forms of Epilepsy and Their Treatment," in H. Sands, Epilepsy (New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1982), 99-103.
104. N. Geschwind, "Behavioral Changes in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy,-Psychological Medicine 9 (1979):217-219. See also idem, "Pathogenesis of Behavior Change in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," in Epilepsy, ed. A. A. Ward, J. K. Penry, and D. D. Purpura (New York: Raven Press, 1983), 61:355-370; M. R. Trimble, "Phenomenology of Epileptic Psychosis: A Historical Introduction of Changing Concepts," in Advances in Biological Psychiatry (Basel: Karger, 1982), 8 1-11; idem, "Interictal Behavior and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," in Recent Advances in Epilepsy (Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1983), 212-227; idem, "Interictal Psychoses of Epilepsy." Acia Psychiatrica Scandinavica, supplement 69 (suppl. 313, 1984):9-20; E. Rodin and S. Schmaltz, "The Bear-Fedio Personality Inventory and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," Neurology 34 (1984):591-596.
105. N. Geschwind, "Psychiatric Complications in the Epileptics. Current Research and Treatment. Introduction," McLean Hospital Journal special issue, June 1977:6.
106. S. G. Waxman and N. Geschwind, "Hypergraphia in Tenporal Lobe Epilepsy," Neurology 24 1974):929.363; B. P. Hermann et al., "Hypergraphia in Epilepsy: Is There a Specificity to Temporal Lobe Epilepsy?" Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 46 (1983):848-853.
107. Waxman and Geschwind, "Hypergraphia in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," 24:629-636; Hermann, "Hypergraphia in Epilepsy," 46:848-853.
108. H. S. Sachdev and S. G. Waxman, "Frequency of Hypergraphia in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Index of Interictal Behaviour Syndrome," Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry 44 (1981):358-360.
109. N. Geschwind, Pathogenesis of Behavior Change in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, in Epilepsy, vol. 6, 1 ed. A. A. Ward, Jr., J. K. Penry, and D. D. Purpura (New York: Raven Press, 1983).
110. Hermann, "Hypergraphia in Epilepsy," 46:848-853.
111. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, 1413-1418.
112. Manuscript 33 (1892), in Arthur L. White, Ellen G. White The Australian Years (Washington, D. C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1983), 18.
113. Day Star, 1 March 1846.
114. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church I:576-577.
115. Letter 53 (1900), in A. L. White, Ellen G. White Messenger to the Remnant, 14.
116. Manuscript 22 (1890), in A. L. White, Ellen G. White Messenger to the Remnant, 14.
117. Letter 36 (1878), in A. L. White, Ellen G. White, Messenger to the Remnant, 117.
118. Letter 59 (1895), in A.L. White, Ellen G. White Messenger to the Remnant, 14.
119. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 5:67.
120. Letter 8 (1860), 16, 17, in Manuscript Releases (Washington, D. C.: E. G. White Estate, 1981), I:307.
121. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 5:661, 4:147-148.
122. E. G. White, Selected Messages 3:76; Manuscript 122 (1903).
123. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 5:67-68.
124. Letter 28 (1906), in A. L. White, The Later Elmshaven Years, 75.
125. A. L. White, Ellen G. White, The Human Interest Story37-45.
126. Waxman and Geschwind, "Hypergraphia in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," Neurology 24:629-636; Hermann, "Hypergraphia in Epilepsy," Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 46:848-853.
127. Ronald D. Graybill, "The Power of Prophecy: Ellen G. White and the Women Religious Founders of the Nineteenth Century.- (Ph. D. diss., Johns Hopkins University, 1983), 206.
128. Canright, "Mrs. E. G. White and Her Revelations"; Wellcome, History of the Second Advent Message; Brinkerhoff, The Seventh-day Adventists and Mrs. White´s Visions, 4-6.
129. "Letter from Sister Harmon," The Day Star, 24 Jan. 1846, pp. 31-32.
130. G. W. Fenton, "Personality and Behavioral Disorders in Adults with Epilepsy," in Epilepsy and Psychiatry, ed. E. H. Reynolds and M. R. Trimble (Edinburgh: Churchil Livingstone, 1981).
131. Daly, "Ictal Clinical Manifestations of Complex Partial Seizure," in Advances in Neurology 4 11:61; R. D. Walter, "Clinical Aspects of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," California Medicine 110 (1969):325-329.
132. Present Truth (published by James White in Middletown, Connecticut) (Dec. 1849), 35.
133. E. G. White, Spiritual Gifts, 1:148.
134. Ellen G. White, A Sketch of the Experience and Views of Ellen G. White (Saratoga Springs, New York: James White, 1851), 3.
135. W. C. White, "The Writing and Sending Out of the Testimonies to the Church," in Addresses to Faculty and Students at the Advanced Bible School, Angwin, California (part I (1935), 19.
136. Ibid., 20.
137. E. G. White, Early Writings, 62.
138. Ibid., 38; idem, Present Truth I (1850):23.
139. E. G. White, Present Truth I (1850):72.
140. Record Book (Washington, D. C.: E. G. White Estate) 1:94.
141. E. G. White, Spiritual Gifts 2:158.
142. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 1:118.
143. James White, Letter (Jan. 10, 1850), Record Book 1:51, 52, in A. L. White, Ellen G. White Messenger to the Remnant, 49; E. G. White, Spiritual Gifts 2:15.
144. Letter - II (1884), in A. L. White, Ellen G. White Messenger to the Remnant, 109.
145. "The Sutton Visions of Mrs. E. G. White," as copied by Hiram Edson. Advent Source Collection, General Conference of SDA, Washington, D. C., W 58 (1850):12-13.
146. W. C. White, in The Spirit of Prophecy Treasure Chest (Washington, D. C.:Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1960), 33-34.
147. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church, 1:694.
148. E. G. White, Early Writings, 2nd ed. (republished by Review and Herald Publishing Association in 1925), 64.
149. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 1:694.
150. E. G. White, Early Writings, 2nd ed., 64.
151. G. B. Starr,"The Watchcare of Jesus Over the Writings Connected with the Testimony of Jesus, June 2, 1915," in The Fannie Bolton Story, A Collection of Source Documents (Washington, D. C.: Ellen G. White Estate, 1982), 110. See also A. L. White, the Australian Years 241; Ellen G. White, Letter 130 (1893), in Graybill, "The Power of Prophecy," 178.
152. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 8:90.
153. E. G. White, Life Sketches, 409; Review and Herald 5 July 1906.
154. E. G. White, Life Sketches, 409; A. W. Spalding, Origin and History of the Seventh-day Adventists (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1962), 3:280.
155. A. L. White, The Early Elmshaven Years, 77, 349.
156. Manuscript 13 (190 1), Letters and Manuscripts Relating to Medical Missionary Work and Going to Battle Creek (1928), 11. Diary (Jan. 1898).
157. Manuscript 13 (190 1), Letters and Manuscripts 13.
158. A. W. Spaulding and Percy T. Magan Collection, "Unpublished manuscript testimonies of Ellen G. White (1915-1916), 350.
159. A. L. White, The Early Elmshaven Years, 77, 349.
160. Horace Shaw, "A Rhetorical Analysis of the Speaking of Mrs. Ellen G. White A Pioneer Leader and Spokeswoman of the Seventh-day Adventist Church" (Ph. D. diss., Michigan State University, 1959), 615.
161. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 3:329-338.
162. Ibid., 2:261-268.
163. S. G. Waxman and N. Geschwind, "The Interictal Behavior Syndrome of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," Archives of General Psychiatry 32 (1975): 1580-1586.
164. A. E. Walker and D. Blumer, "Long Term Behavioral Effects of Temporal Lobectomy for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," McLean Hospital Journal (June 1977).
165. D. Blumer, "Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Its Significance," in Benson and Blumer Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Disease (New York: Grune and Stratton, 1975), 162, 185-19 1. See also I. Sherwin, "Clinical and EEG Aspects of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Behavior Disorder, the Role of Cerebral Dominance," McLean Hospital Journal (June 1977).
166. A. W. Beard, "The Schizophrenia-like Psychoses of Epilepsy. ii- Physical Aspects. The Journal of Psychiatry 109 (1963):113-129.
167. E. G. White, Spiritual Gifts, 2:227-229.
168. Ibid., 256.
169. See also, Ronald L. Numbers, Prophetess of Health (New York: Harper and Row, 1976), 129-159.
170. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 3:171.
171. Ibid., 4:628.
172. E. G. White, Review and Herald 3 (17 Feb. 1853):155.
173. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 2:455.
174. E. G. White, Spiritual Gifts, 256; idem, Review and Herald 3:155 (17 Feb. 1853).
175. E. G. White, The Adventist Home (1899; reprint, Nashville, Tennessee; Southern Publishing Association, 1952), 443.
176. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 1:288.
177. Ibid., 2:460.
178. Ibid., 3:24 1.
179. Ibid., 4:647.
180. Ibid., 4:648.
181. Ibid., 5:516.
182. Ibid., 8:51-52.
183. E. G. White, Counsels to Parents, Teachers, and Students (Mountain View, California: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1913), 350.
184. E. G. White, "Words to Christian Mothers, No. 2," Health Reformer 6 (Oct. 1871):12 1.
185. Walker and Blumer, "Long Term Behavioral Effects of Temporal Lobe Lobectomy," McLean Hospital Journal, June 1977). Seel also Blumer, "Temporal Lobe Epilepsy" in Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Disease, 162, 185-191; Sherwin, "Clinical and Aspects of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," McLean Hospital Journal (June 1977).
186. G. D. Shukla et al., "Sexual Disturbances in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. A Controlled Study,- British Journal of Psychiatry 134 (1979):288-293.
187. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 2:482.
188. Ibid., 248.
189. Ibid., 472.
190. Ibid., 477.
191. E. G. White, Appeal to Mothers (Battle Creek, Michigan, 1864), 27. See also Numbers, Prophetess of Health 1976.
192. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church 2:472.
193. Ibid., 4:95-97.
194. E. G. White, Document DF97c, in Sherman A. Nagel, God´s Love, The Remnant Church (Beaverton, Oregon: n.p. 1934), 61-62. See also E. G. white, Gospel Workers (Washington, D. C. Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1920), 459; idem, Adventist Home, 165-166.
195. Beard, "Schizophrenic-like Psychoses" 109:95-150.
196. E. G. White, Life Sketches, 135-142.
197. Ibid., 153.
198. Ibid., 16 1.
199. Ibid., 194-195; idem, Testimonies for the Church 1:63-65; idem, Spiritual Gifts 2:36-37.
200. E. G. White, Spiritual Gifts 2:5 1.
201. E. G. White, Testimonies for the Church, 1:597.
202. Ibid., 2:607-609.
203. E. G. White, Manuscript 61 (1894), in Mind, Character, and Personality, 811-812.
204. N. Geschwind, "Psychiatric Complications in the Epileptics," McLean Hospital Journal (June 1977):6-8.
205. T. L. Riley and A. Roy, Pseudoseizures (Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1982); William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism (New York: Ronald Press Company, 1959); E. G. White, Early Writings, 43-44; M. Gross, Pseudoepilepsy (Lexington, Massachusetts: Health, 1983); R. J. Cohen and C. Suter, "Hysterical Seizures: Suggestion as a Provocative EEG Test,- Annals of Neurology 11 (1982):391-395; L.A. Hurst and V. M. Neppe, "A Familial Study of Subjective Paranormal Experience in Temporal Lobe Dysfunction Subjects," Parapsychological Journal of South Africa 2 (1981):56-64; S. Krippner, "Dreams and Other Altered Conscious Stages," Parapsychological Journal of South Africa 2 (1981):35-55; A.M. Moffett and D. F. Scott, "Hysterical Attacks in Patients with Epilepsy," in D. F. Rose, Research in Progress in Epilepsy (Bath: Pitman, 1983), 210-213.
206. Collegiate Quarterly (Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press Publishing Association, July-September 1984), 102.
207. Paul B. Ricchiuti, Ellen (Mountain View, California: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1977), 112-113, 135-139.
208. E. G. White, Patriarchs and Prophets (Mountain View, California: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1890) 108-109; idem, Spiritual Gifts 3:79-83; idem, 4:124.
209. M. Couperus, "The Bible Conference of 1919," Spectrum 10 no. 1 (1979); 23-57.
210. Loughborough, Rise and Progress of Seventh-day Adventism 127.
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